Abstract
Iraq’s ongoing brain drain requires a comprehensive framework addressing the root causes of
emigration. While the push-pull factor theory has been proposed as a way to mitigate talent loss
in developing countries, existing research has largely overlooked the role of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) in talent retention. This study highlights how SDGs, particularly in
education, governance, and social equality, can reduce brain drain in Iraq by fostering stability
and creating local opportunities. By integrating SDGs, the research encourages students to
remain and contribute to their country’s development. The study emphasizes the theoretical link
between education and migration, advocating for more longitudinal and cross-national research
to validate its findings. A preliminary study, involving in different interviews to 92 professors
and 62 university students from Iraqi universities, led to a survey of 759 students across 22
universities. The goal was to analyze push-pull factors and identify SDGs crucial for addressing
brain drain. Key findings reveal that brain drain severely influences students’ personal,
sociological, and professional well-being. Quality education and reduced inequalities are crucial
in mitigating brain drain, while SDGs like decent work and peace show limited immediate
effects. This research underscores that brain drain is a complex challenge that extends beyond
economic incentives to include social and institutional dynamics.
Keywords: Brain drain, developing countries, Universities, Push and Pull Factors, SDGs,
Personal, Social and Professional development.